Acute wounds normally heal in an orderly and efficient manner, and progress smoothly through the four distinct, but overlapping phases of wound healing: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling (Figure ).1,2,3 In contrast, chronic wounds will similarly begin the healing process, but will have prolonged inflammatory, Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal pulmonary vascular disease in which rising pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) leads to increased The Center for Disease Control (CDC) of the United States estimated blood pressure-related annual cost at $ billion (26, 66; cf. 57) out of $ billion for heart disease with an as-yet unaccounted part of the $ trillion annual cost for chronic disease. Heads of state could set a high priority on reducing the number of 1, deaths/day and Severity in the pathophysiological factors leads to various neurodegenerative diseases (comes under the umbrella term “dementia”) including Alzheimer’s disease, What is vascular disease? Vascular disease includes any condition that affects your circulatory system, or system of blood vessels. This ranges from diseases of your Summary. INTRODUCTION. Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The mechanism by which a damaging stimulus in the body is perceived as painful by the brain is a complex one which is not yet fully understood. The complexity of the process results from the nervous
Pathophysiology of white matter perfusion in Alzheimer’s disease …
Hemolysis is a fundamental feature of sickle cell anemia that contributes to its pathophysiology and phenotypic variability. Decompartmentalized hemoglobin, arginase 1, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and adenine nucleotides are all products of hemolysis that promote vasomotor dysfunction, proliferative vasculopathy, and a multitude of clinical Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is atherosclerosis of the extremities (virtually always lower) causing ischemia. Mild PAD may be asymptomatic or cause intermittent claudication; severe PAD may cause rest pain with skin atrophy, hair loss, cyanosis, ischemic ulcers, and gangrene. Diagnosis is by history, physical examination, and measurement This is explained by the concept of ‘glycemic continuum’ across the spectrum of prediabetes, diabetes, and cardio-vascular risk.5–8 Early disglycemia caused by obesity-related insulin re-sistance or impaired insulin secretion is responsible for functional and. *Corresponding author. Tel: +39 06 , Fax: 39 06 , Email: f Sclerostin is becoming a marker for clinical and subclinical vascular diseases and several lines of evidence illustrate its role in the pathophysiology of the vascular system. Sclerostin levels increase with aging and persist higher in some diseases (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease) that are known to precipitate atherosclerosis and Cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are induced as a consequence of DNA damage (7) (Figure 1). In high doses, ionizing radiation can result in depletion of parenchymal and vascular endothelial cells, with both macro- and microvascular effects (8). Figure 1. Ionizing radiation causes cell death, both parenchymal and vascular, by
Pathophysiology of Hypertension: Diagnosing vascular variability ...
The concept of Vascular Dementia (VaD) has been recognized for over a century, but its definition and diagnostic criteria remain [HOST]tional definitions identify the patients too late, miss subjects with cognitive impairment short of dementia, and emphasize consequences rather than causes, the true bases for treatment and The management of superficial and deep venous reflux and obstruction that leads to the development of varicose veins (VV)1 and the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS)2 forms a large part of the workload for most vascular and endovascular specialists and is likely to increase as the population ages.3 However, the epidemiology,4,5 genetics6 and Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a slow and progressive disorder of the blood vessels. Narrowing, blockage, or spasms in a blood vessel can cause PVD. PVD may affect any blood vessel outside of the heart. This includes the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels. Organs supplied by these vessels, such as the brain or legs, may not get enough Fatigue. Fever. Joint pain. Muscle aches. Muscle weakness. Skin rash. Some collagen vascular diseases may also increase your vulnerability to ultraviolet (UV) light. For example, in people with lupus, sun damage or a sunburn can lead to severe, blistered rashes similar to an allergic reaction The pathophysiology of white matter hypoperfusion is poorly understood. Barker et al. quantify ante-mortem hypoperfusion by measuring myelin proteins differentially susceptible to ischaemia, and assess the extent to which vasoregulatory factors protect from or contribute to ischaemic white matter injury in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular